The structure of a baby diaper consists of several functional layers, each serving a specific purpose to collectively provide absorption, leak protection, breathability, and comfort. A complete diaper typically comprises a skin-friendly topsheet, an acquisition/distribution layer, an absorbent core, a leak-proof backsheet, and components such as the waistband and fastening tabs. Through the coordinated interaction of these structures, the diaper rapidly absorbs urine while minimizing moisture and leakage, keeping the baby dry.
The uppermost layer is the skin-friendly topsheet that comes into direct contact with the baby's skin; it is generally made of soft non-woven fabric. This layer is primarily responsible for allowing urine to pass through quickly and minimizing the time urine remains on the skin's surface. Some products feature a softening treatment on the topsheet to refine the texture, thereby reducing discomfort caused by friction between the skin and the diaper during the baby's movements and enhancing the overall wearing experience.
Positioned in the middle are the acquisition/distribution layer and the absorbent core, with the latter serving as the core functional component of the diaper. The acquisition/distribution layer facilitates the rapid downward transfer and even dispersion of urine, preventing excessive absorption pressure in any single area. The absorbent core is typically composed of fluff pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP); it rapidly absorbs and locks in urine, minimizing re-wetting and ensuring the diaper remains dry even after prolonged use.
The bottom section of the diaper typically features a leak-proof backsheet, an elastic waistband, and leak-proof leg cuffs. The leak-proof backsheet prevents urine seepage while maintaining breathability; the elastic waistband adjusts to fit the baby's waist, ensuring a comfortable fit; and the leg cuff design minimizes side leakage. Additionally, fastening tabs or hook-and-loop fasteners allow parents to easily adjust the fit, ensuring the diaper conforms snugly to the baby's body and enhancing convenience during daily use.